During the past decades, research collaboration between researchers from different disciplines has become more frequent. However, there is a need to look into the generic modalities and challenges. The article explores a series of potential obstructions to cross-disciplinary collaboration of methodological and epistemological nature. Furthermore, a number of contextual, inhibiting factors are outlined. As means of overcoming the obstacles, the importance of mutual knowledge, allocation of adequate time and conducive research management is emphasised. New teams may benefit from tutoring by (...) facilitators, who can help to make problem areas explicit and negotiate solutions. Owing to the training background of the author, most of the examples are drawn from the interface between biomedicine/natural science and applied medical anthropology. However, the issues raised basically apply to all sorts of cross-disciplinary research collaboration in various combinations. (shrink)

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by the presence of motor and vocal tics. Patients with malignant TS experience severe disease sequelae; risking morbidity and mortality due to tics, self-harm, psychiatric comorbidities and suicide. By definition, those cases termed ‘malignant’ are refractory to all conventional psychiatric and pharmacological regimens. In these instances, deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be efficacious. Current 2015 guidelines recommend a 6-month period absent of suicidal ideation before DBS is offered to (...) patients with TS. We therefore wondered whether it may be ethically justifiable to offer DBS to a minor with malignant TS. We begin with a discussion of non-maleficence and beneficence. New evidence suggests that suicide risk in young patients with TS has been underestimated. In turn, DBS may represent an invaluable opportunity for children with malignant TS to secure future safety, independence and fulfilment. Postponing treatment is associated with additional risks. Ultimately, we assert this unique risk-benefit calculus justifies offering DBS to paediatric patients with malignant TS. A multidisciplinary team of clinicians must determine whether DBS is in the best interest of their individual patients. We conclude with a suggestion for future TS-DBS guidelines regarding suicidal ideation. The importance of informed consent and assent is underscored. (shrink)

In recent decades there has been increasing demand for and considerable efforts to conduct cross-disciplinary research. However, assessment of research quality in such endeavours still is often based on mono-disciplinary criteria and not seldom carried out by reviewers without strong cross-disciplinary experience. The authors suggest a two-pronged approach to cross-disciplinary research evaluation. One part should comprise an individual review of all the disciplines involved based on their mono-disciplinary sets of criteria. The other part should be a separate evaluation of the (...) cross-disciplinary aspects based on the review of “problem formulation”, “integration and scope of the disciplines”, “parts and the whole”, “practical managerial aspects” and “the applied aspects”. The pros and cons of implementing this approach in a stepwise manner or simultaneously is discussed. It is suggested that funding agencies develop more fair sets of review procedures for cross-disciplinary research and show willingness to allocate extra funds and time to such forms of research that sometimes are regarded as relatively more “risky” than conventional mono-disciplinary types. (shrink)

O texto busca refletir criticamente sobre alguns fenômenos sociais contemporâneos, fortemente imbricados, notadamente as tendências contemporâneas de entrincheiramento e achatamento do eu; o reforço da iconomania e da compulsiva produção de avatares de si, em meio a bolhas narcísicas digitais, franqueadas pelas recentes tecnologias de informação e comunicação; e a virtual destruição da intimidade e da privacidade, diante da emergência de panópticos digitais e da vigilância algorítmica. Para tanto, toma-se como ponto de partida proposições apresentadas por Christopher Lasch em sua (...) obra _The Minimal Self: Psychic Survival in Troubled Times_, publicada originalmente em 1984, em particular a própria noção de mínimo eu, as quais são, então, entretecidas com argumentos de Christophe Dejours, Günther Anders, Theodor Adorno, Hebert Marcuse, Jonathan Crary, entre outros. Em acréscimo, busca-se salientar a ancoragem desses processos à hodierna dinâmica de acumulação de capital, a partir da crítica da economia política, perspectiva que atravessa todo o texto, bem como assinalar a atualidade do pensamento de Lasch. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 10.1 (2003) 57-62 [Access article in PDF] Listening to People Or Listening to Prozac?Another Consideration of Causal Classifications Jennifer Hansen Keywords causal classification, descriptivism, melancholia, neurasthenia, depression, cultural relativism. The shape and detail of depression have gone through a thousand cartwheels, and the treatment of depression has alternated between the ridiculous and the sublime, but the excessive sleeping, inadequate eating, suicidiality, withdrawal from social (...) interaction, and relentless despair are all as old as the hill tribes, if not as old as the hills. In the years since man achieved the capacity for self-reference, shame has come and gone; treatments for bodily complaints have alternated and crossed with treatments for spiritual ones; pleas to external gods have echoed pleas to internal demons. To understand the history of depression is to understand the invention of human being as we now know and are him. Our Prozac-popping, cognitively focused, semi-alienated postmodernity is only a stage in the ongoing understanding and control of mood and character. (Solomon 2001, 286) ALTHOUGH ANDREW SOLOMON clearly believes that "the shape and detail of depression have gone through a thousand cartwheels," Jennifer Radden gives us pause before assuming that depression is just another name for Dame Melancholy. Solomon's claim depends on a deeper metaphysical claim about the nature of depression and its causes. The current method of psychiatric nosology, descriptivism, does not necessarily support equating melancholia and depression. Furthermore, it appears that adopting descriptivism as the sole method of classifying mental disorders commits us to cultural relativist psychiatry. Below I reconsider whether we want to rule out causal classifications and suggest that embracing both descriptivism and causal classifications offer us greater possibilities in understanding human illness and culture.Although the occasion for Jennifer Radden's essay is to investigate whether or not melancholia and depression refer to the same thing, her essay detours into a consideration of extra-descriptivist models of psychiatric illness versus the descriptivism of current psychiatric nosology. This detour turns out to be warranted; her purely academic question yields to a timelier question concerning the proper methodology for classifying mental disorders. Whereas debates about psychiatric nosology are perennial, the recent success of the new generation of antidepressants [End Page 57] is reviving biological psychiatry and its search for the neurochemical origins of depression. Hence, embedded in Radden's question concerning whether or not melancholia is the same thing as clinical depression, is another important question concerning the causes of mental illness, particularly depression.Currently, with its descriptivist approach, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) does not classify mental illness, such as clinical depression, based on underlying causes. The cluster of symptoms and behavioral signs that lead a clinician to diagnose one as depressed that are contained in either the DSM or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) may be too fuzzy or elusive to give any clear distinction between major depression, mild depression, and the blues. For example, one group of epidemiologists points out that [t]he DSM-III, DSM-III-R, and DSM-IV acknowledge that depression, like many mental disorders, has no currently obvious natural classes... If natural classes of depression exist, then their nosology awaits the discovery of distinct and reliable genetic, biological, clinical, or other predictors of risk, severity, or clinical course. Clinicians have a tradition of separating depressions into subtypes; however, this subtyping has not yet led to clear-cut delineations of syndromes in populations. (Kaelber 1995, 4) The evidence is still insufficient to establish the biological or psychological origins of depression. Although many theories exist that explain why people become depressed, scientifically we are not yet in a position to determine which is the right theory. From a pragmatic perspective, however, whether or not we know what causes depression, we can nonetheless attempt to alleviate suffering from depression. And it is with this goal in mind that the DSM-IV and ICD-10 classify mental disorders.Now, given that our current methodology for psychiatric nosology does not establish causes, it is also insufficient for determining what... (shrink)

Restrictions on research on therapeutic cloning are questionable as they inhibit the development of a technique which holds promise for succesful application of pluripotent stem cells in clinical treatment of severe diseases. It is argued in this article that the ethical concerns are less problematic using therapeutic cloning compared with using fertilised eggs as the source for stem cells. The moral status of an enucleated egg cell transplanted with a somatic cell nucleus is found to be more clearly not equivalent (...) to that of a human being. Based on ethical considerations alone, research into therapeutic cloning should be encouraged in order to develop therapeutic applications of stem cells. (shrink)

Since USA constitutional precedent established in 1976, adolescents have increasingly been afforded the right to access contraception without first obtaining parental consent or authorisation. There is general agreement this ethically permissible. However, long-acting reversible contraception methods have only recently been prescribed to the adolescent population. They are currently the most effective forms of contraception available and have high compliance and satisfaction rates. Yet unlike other contraceptives, LARCs are associated with special procedural risks because they must be inserted and removed by (...) trained healthcare providers. It is unclear whether the unique invasive nature of LARC changes the traditional ethical calculus of permitting adolescent decision-making in the realm of contraception. To answer this question, we review the risk–benefit profile of adolescent LARC use. Traditional justifications for permitting adolescent contraception decision-making authority are then considered in the context of LARCs. Finally, analogous reasoning is used to evaluate potential differences between permitting adolescents to consent for LARC procedures versus for emergency and pregnancy termination procedures. Ultimately, we argue that the invasive nature of LARCs does not override adolescents’ unique and compelling need for safe and effective forms of contraception. In fact, LARCs may oftentimes be in the best interest of adolescent patients who wish to prevent unintended pregnancy. We advocate for the specific enumeration of adolescents’ ability to consent to both LARC insertion and removal procedures within state policies. Given the provider-dependent nature of LARCs and the stigma regarding adolescent sexuality, special political and procedural safeguards to protect adolescent autonomy are warranted. (shrink)

Existing research on the formation of employee ethical climate perceptions focuses mainly on organization characteristics as antecedents, and although other constructs have been considered, these constructs have typically been studied in isolation. Thus, our understanding of the context in which ethical climate perceptions develop is incomplete. To address this limitation, we build upon the work of Rupp to develop and test a multi-experience model of ethical climate which links aspects of the corporate social responsibility, ethics, justice, and trust literatures and (...) helps to explain how employees’ ethical climate perceptions form. We argue that in forming ethical climate perceptions, employees consider the actions or characteristics of a complex web of actors. Specifically, we propose that employees look outward at how communities are impacted by their organization’s actions, upward to make inferences about the ethicality of leaders in their organizations, and inward at their own propensity to trust others as they form their perceptions. Using a multiple-wave field study conducted at a privately held US corporation, we find substantial evidence in support of our model. (shrink)

We report the results of an experiment designed to determine the effects of psychological proximity—proxied by awareness of pain and friendship—on moral reasoning. Our study tests the hypotheses that a moral agent’s emphasis on justice decreases with proximity, while his/her emphasis on care increases. Our study further examines how personality, gender, and managerial status affect the importance of care and justice in moral reasoning. We find support for the main hypotheses. We also find that care should be split into two (...) components, one related to protection and the other to the preservation of relationships. Although gender does not affect moral reasoning directly, we find that it does so indirectly via personality, controlling for age, professional status, and professional background. We do not find a significant effect of managerial status on ethics of justice, but do find that holding a managerial position has a negative impact on ethics of care. Regarding personality, we detect significant positive effects of conscientiousness on ethics of justice and of neuroticism on ethics of care. (shrink)

Decision-makers frequently struggle to base their choices on an exhaustive evaluation of all options at stake. This is particularly so when the choice problem at hand is complex, because the available alternatives are hard to compare. Rather than striving to choose the most valuable alternative, in such situations decision-makers often settle for the choice of an alternative which is not inferior to any other available alternative instead. In this paper, we extend two established models of boundedly rational choice, the categorize (...) then choose heuristic and the rational shortlist method, to incorporate this kind of “indecisive” choice behavior. We study some properties of these extensions and provide full behavioral characterizations. (shrink)

In this article we refine the design of context shifting experiments, which play a central role in contextualist debates, and we subject a large number of scenarios involving different types of expressions of interest to contextualists, including ‘know’ and color adjectives like ‘green’, to experimental investigation. Our experiment (i) reveals an effect of changing contexts on the evaluation of uses of the sentences that we examine, thereby overturning the absence of results reported in previous experimental studies (so‐called null results), (ii) (...) uncovers evidence for a ‘truth bias' in favor of positive over negative sentences, and (iii) reveals previously unnoticed distinctions between the strength of the contextual effects displayed by scenarios involving knowledge ascriptions and scenarios concerning color and other miscellaneous scenarios. (shrink)

Social network analysis (SNA) is an increasingly popular approach that provides researchers with highly developed tools to map and analyze complexes of social relations. Although a number of network scholars have explicated the assumptions that underpin SNA, the approach has yet to be discussed in relation to established philosophies of science. This article argues that there is a tension between applied and methods-oriented SNA studies, on the one hand, and those addressing the social-theoretical nature and implications of networks, on the (...) other. The former, in many cases, exhibits positivist tendencies, whereas the latter incorporate a number of assumptions that are directly compatible with core critical realist views on the nature of social reality and knowledge. This article suggests that SNA may be detached from positivist social science and come to constitute a valuable instrument in the critical realist toolbox. (shrink)

A linguagem é mais que a palavra escrita ou falada, é a direção do pensamento no contato com o contexto histórico-social no qual se está inserido. O discurso se apresenta enquanto mediação entre pessoas e realidades. A AD se apresenta como um constructo teórico-metodológico que possibilita averiguar construções ideológicas e efeitos de sentido do discurso em diferentes contextos, propiciando um olhar ampliado sobre a realidade. Objetiva-se inter-relacionar aspectos epistemológicos de Foucault e Heidegger, que possam servir como aportes ao método Análise (...) do Discurso, e refletir sobre uma estrutura que possa ser aplicada nas pesquisas da área de CI. Para tanto, propõe-se o uso da Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) enquanto técnica, a fim de subsidiar uma apresentação mais concreta referente a aplicação da AD no campo da CI. Metodologicamente trata-se de um estudo exploratório traçado na inter-relação entre questões da Filosofia da Linguagem e aspectos metodológicos e epistemológicos da Ciência da Informação e para tanto, buscou-se a revisão da literatura de ambos os domínios. Ainda há uma certa relutância do uso da AD na CI por sua forma mais teórica, ou seja, sem um procedimento preestabelecido, como se verifica em outros métodos, tais como a Análise do Conteúdo que possibilita a análise categorial, a análise de avaliação, a análise de enunciação, a análise proposicional, entre outras. O objetivo da AD não é estabelecer se um discurso é verdadeiro ou falso, mas sim os efeitos de sentidos e as questões subliminares. Portanto, no discurso construído com bases em preconceitos, por exemplo, serão reveladas as fragilidades inerentes àquela construção. Por outro lado, em um texto reflexivo, a tendência é que por meio da aplicação da AD, sejam reveladas toda solidez das ideias e estruturas. Assim, verifica-se a grande contribuição que AD pode aferir à CI e como Foucault e Heidegger podem ser imprescindíveis para compor o arcabouço teórico da AD, dependendo dos objetivos da pesquisa. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a Sociologia do Direito de Jürgen Habermas, mostrando a centralidade do direito na sua teoria da ordem social. Como sociólogo formado na tradição alemã de grandes sínteses filosóficas, Habermas, em seu livro " Direito e Democracia – Entre facticidade e validade ", que nos guiará neste artigo, descreve o objetivo ambicioso de produzir uma teoria geral da ação social à maneira de Parsons. Em sua explicação sobre a natureza das sociedades, o direito positivo é (...) entendido como uma linguagem estabilizadora das interações sociais tendo o importante papel de estruturar a ordem social. Celebrado entre os juristas, o entendimento completo das proposições de Habermas requer conhecimento amplo e crítico das teorias sociológicas sobre a natureza da ordem social. Muitas vezes secundarizado por sociólogos, especialmente os tradicionalistas e conservadores, o autor promove um entendimento das normas legais como um processo dialógico e multideterminado, que não é apenas um reflexo das relações sociais, mas que também estabelece parâmetros para a composição de conflitos inerentes às interações sociais. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta e aprofunda a importância do Diário de Bordo, na Academia, como ensaio estético autoral, possibilitando ao estudante fortalecer-se em seu espaço epistêmico, de enunciação e criação, através de registros provisórios de seu processo cognitivo relacional – suas interrogações, sínteses, suas questões, seus autores de referência, seu diálogo interdisciplinar.

Este trabalho analisa os potenciais impactos do chamado Novo Ensino Médio na formação do estudante, especialmente na preparação para o exercício de uma cidadania ativa. Instituída com a Lei 13.415, de 16 de fevereiro de 2017, a reforma do ensino médio pretende três alterações fundamentais: a primeira, promover o aumento progressivo da carga horária mínima até atingir o período integral. A segunda mudança, criar os “intinerários formativos”, com novas disciplinas, reduzindo relativamente a carga de conteúdos obrigatórios, e permitir ao estudante (...) orientar sua trajetória escolar para os seus interesses, inclinações e necessidades pessoais. A terceira, incentivar e ampliar a oferta do ensino técnico. Nossa avaliação sobre a reforma está ancorada no entendimento de Habermas de que a participação qualificada no debate público requer dos indivíduos o desenvolvimento e o uso de competências expressivas reconhecidas (legitimadas) pela comunidade interpretativa. A educação formal, nesta perspectiva, ao difundir as bases para definição racional dos argumentos e dos meios legítimos para expressão da vontade, visa capacitar e qualificar a participação dos indivíduos no debate público. As conclusões parciais resultantes desta abordagem estão baseadas em estudo empírico realizado na Escola Estadual Reverendo Hugh Clarence Tucker, no Rio de Janeiro. Elas indicam que, embora recentes e incompletas, as mudanças no ensino médio têm potencial para agravar as diferenças sociais entre estudantes pobres e ricos uma vez que as escolas particulares das elites são mais bem preparadas para este ambiente. Além disso, elas têm profissionais mais bem remunerados e cobrados em resultados mensuráveis pela administração escolar e pelas famílias. (shrink)

A partir do século XVIII, a imposição do controle das principais instituições políticas e sociais à população passa a ocorrer precipuamente por meio de estratégias urbanísticas. A arquitetura revela o objetivo de disciplinamento dos corpos de modo a prepará-los para a inserção na incipiente sociedade capitalista, seja na forma das escolas, fábricas ou prisões. Objetivamos num primeiro momento refletir, por meio da trajetória histórica e arquitetônica da Biblioteca Pública Municipal de Marília, se a biblioteca antiga tem preponderância de uma instituição (...) disciplinar; para, em um segundo momento, apresentar a arquitetura no novo prédio, verificando se o novo modelo de biblioteca pode evidenciar a transição do modelo disciplinar ao de controle. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, documental e bibliográfica, na qual utilizamos o método Análise de Conteúdo da Bardin para analisarmos categorias de entrevista. Para tanto, nos valemos um pouco do pensamento de Foucault e Deleuze acerca do tema, bem como o histórico, arquitetura e um pouco da organização das coleções da biblioteca em questão, nos espaços e tempos diferentes. Concluímos que a nova biblioteca não é melhor do que a anterior. Ela apenas se adequa melhor aos ditames dos novos tempos, com novas perspectivas sociais e tecnológicas. A antiga biblioteca teve uma função muito importante na história da cidade e dos seus usuários. Somente não estava mais apropriada ao século XXI, necessitando de novo aspecto e sentido. (shrink)

Sinologists tend toward self-descriptions of their methodology that suggests that they read ancient Chinese Philosophy texts and then interpret them as separate steps. The "reading" is what training in the language is supposed to enable and interpreters who are skeptical of traditional readings (e.g. the present author) can be portrayed as people who have not learned (or not learned properly) how to read. I argue here that reading in its natural sense in this context presupposes understanding, that is, a theory (...) of meaning. The theory requires justification and that the best framework for a justification theory is radical translation using the principle of humanity as the guide for selecting from among translation manuals. (shrink)

Professor Robert John Barrett died suddenly, after a long and difficult illness, on January 12th, 2007. At the time of his death, at the age of 57, he was Head of the Discipline of Psychiatry at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide. His passing was mourned by countless individuals in Australia and internationally. The celebration of his life, held in the University of Adelaide’s Bonython Hall, from which generations of scholars have received their parchments upon graduation, was an emotive (...) ritual of which Rob would have both approved and also enjoyed immensely. The Hall was filled to capacity, with over 1,300 people listening to a collection of his favourite music and tributes delivered by eight of his friends and family members. Dignitaries in full academic regalia, including the Vice-Chancellor, the immediate past and current Deans of Medicine, and the Head of School oversaw proceedings from an elevated position in the Hall, the symbolic meaning of which would have caused Rob to smile wryly. A reflection of his life in pictures, at the conclusion of the ceremony, before the pall-bearers carried his coffin to the hearse, evoked yet more tears and grief at the tragic and untimely loss of this man: an outstanding intellectual, wise mentor, gifted teacher, caring doctor, and true and loyal friend. (shrink)

There is no systematic research on the rites and rituals associated with companion animal death in modern Australian society. Three cremation service providers were interviewed and asked to consider which caretakers have their companion animals cremated. Seven people who had recently had a companion animal cremated were then asked about their views on the process. Five interrelated themes emerged from the two data sets about who uses cremation services for companion animals: “Everyone uses companion animal cremation services”; “People who consider (...) the companion animal as a family member, as a child”; “People who want memorials for their companion animals”; “Grieving people”; and “People who seek compassion and social support.” With scant recognition of the impact of companion animal death and the role of rites and rituals in facilitating the grieving process, further research in the area is needed, including into attachment as a possible mediator. (shrink)

De um lado a Ciência da Informação foi se consolidando no eixo occidental, a partir década de 1960, expandindo sua influência inteletual em países da America Latina, substuindo uma tradição francesa-europeia de Documentação, e como meio de controle ideológico e da informação; do outro surge uma proposta reativa do eixo comunista, a Informatika. Posto isto, pretende-se neste ensaio criar lugar pra reflexão acerca de alguns pontos em que a Informatika influenciou a Ciência da Informação ocidental, mais precisamente a estadunidense, sobretudo (...) nas primeiras décadas da Guerra Fria, como também o inverso, ou seja, as influências da CI dos Estados Unidos à Informatika. Para tanto, iniciaremos nossas reflexões a partir de duas escolas: a da Teoria Matemática da Comunicação e da Epistemologia Social. Posto isto, o problema de pesquisa incide na seguinte questão: Apesar dos aspectos mercadológicos e ideológicos tão distintos dos blocos capitalista e socialista, é possível verificarmos algumas convergências teóricas na construção da Ciência da Informação e da Informatika? Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, com aspectos exploratórios. Conclui-se que apesar da União Soviética apresentar distintamente a informação social e tê-la como algo importante ante a ideologia do partido socialista, foi visto que a informação científica e técnica também foi muito aprimorada e valorizada pelos soviéticos. Assim como os Estados Unidos não priorizaram sempre o aspecto técnico da informação. As duas vertentes – social e técnica - caminharam juntas, ora predominando mais uma, ora outra, nos dois blocos, dependendo do momento e dos objetivos. (shrink)

Adolescent gender-based violence prevention and sexuality education is a topic of current concern given the increasing numbers of violence directed at girls. International organizations indicate that one in three girls aged 15 to 19 have experienced gender-based violence in their sexual relationships that this risk may be as much as 3–4 times higher for girls with disabilities. Following the good results obtained in the research project “Free_Teen_Desire” led by the University of Cambridge and funded by the Marie Curie Actions Program (...) in the prevention of gender violence in adolescents through Dialogic Feminist Gatherings, the aim of study is to analyze Its transfer and impact on adolescent girls with intellectual disabilities. The DFGs are here understood as generators of a more dialogic environment for girls in general and we wonder if and how It is extended to the context of girls with disabilities. Thus, the research takes the form of a case study with a communicative approach on a DFGs. The intervention is carried out in a special school located in Valencia during the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 academic years with a group of 19 non-mixed female students, female teachers, and the mother of one of the students. The study analyzes which are the transfer criteria to incorporate the DFGs in a special education context and what is their impact on the prevention of gender violence in girls with disabilities. The data collection techniques consist of two in-depth interviews, analysis of the field diary of 24 intervention sessions and a focus group with seven teachers. It is demonstrated that DFGs are successfully transferred to the special education context of the case study. The results show how contexts of safety, solidarity and friendship are generated which protect adolescent girls with disabilities from relationships with gender violence. (shrink)

A partir do conceito de verdade no decurso da Teoria do Conhecimento, do contexto da pós-verdade e das reflexões de Piaget sobre o desenvolvimento cognitivo, objetiva-se criar um espaço pra reflexão de como os criterios sobre verdade foram construídos históricamente, e inter-relacioná-los com elementos da pós-verdade e da desinformação. Metodologicamente, trata-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica. O caráter exploratório se dá justamente com o paralelo entre a temática e as fases do desenvolvimento cognitivo em Piaget. Por meio de uma reflexão histórico- epistemológica (...) do conceito de verdade, percebeu-se que é problemático se pensar em critérios absolutos de verdade. Porém, há informações que estão mais próximas destes critérios do que outras. Isso depende da fonte, do propósito, conhecimento e principalmente da ética de quem escreve. Ademais, percebeu-se que adultos que não tiveram acesso ao processo de educação adequado tendem a acreditar mais em fake news. (shrink)

Este trabalho pretende confrontar as concepções teóricas das análises sociológicas tradicionais sobre a “ordem social”, as quais chamaremos de “sensualistas” - por pressuporem uma ordem social naturalizada, com as teorias cognitivistas que veem a “ordem social” como construção teórico-intelectiva dos indivíduos. Nossa expectativa é que essa discussão nos auxilie a entender o contexto atual da emergência de movimentos políticos radicalizados, não importa por qual matiz ideológico, e o risco real e a ameaça potencial que eles representam para a estabilidade dos (...) consensos tácitos assumidos pelos agentes na ordem social, tais como as noções de justo e injusto, certo e errado, bem e mal. Esperamos que a discussão sobre os fundamentos da ordem social, na forma colocada pelos cientistas sociais, se apodícticos e factuais ou cognitivos e racionais, ajude-nos a esclarecer até que ponto o radicalismo político, e os radicalismos de maneira geral, seja religioso, moral, bem como as ameaças de diáspora que os acompanham, têm o potencial de impor revezes ao que alguns analistas costumam chamar de “marcos civilizatórios”. Até que ponto, o extremismo político tem condições de impor perturbações de natureza moral aos pactos sociais ameaçando-os real e massivamente. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo examinar a alienação que envolve a atividade do professor coordenador, relacionando esse profissional às expectativas do ideário neoliberal, reproduzido pela escola burguesa e comparar as atribuições destinadas a esse profissional com o seu fazer efetivo. O universo da pesquisa engloba a escola pública do Estado de São Paulo e a atividade do professor coordenador, especialmente as de Ciclo II. O referencial usado é o materialismo histórico dialético, e a categoria de análise é a teoria (...) da alienação, formulada por Marx e estudada por Mészáros. (shrink)

In recent decades there has been increasing demand for and considerable efforts to conduct cross-disciplinary research. However, assessment of research quality in such endeavours still is often based on mono-disciplinary criteria and not seldom carried out by reviewers without strong cross-disciplinary experience. The authors suggest a two-pronged approach to cross-disciplinary research evaluation. One part should comprise an individual review of all the disciplines involved based on their mono-disciplinary sets of criteria. The other part should be a separate evaluation of the (...) cross-disciplinary aspects based on the review of “problem formulation”, “integration and scope of the disciplines”, “parts and the whole”, “practical managerial aspects” and “the applied aspects”. The pros and cons of implementing this approach in a stepwise manner or simultaneously is discussed. It is suggested that funding agencies develop more fair sets of review procedures for cross-disciplinary research and show willingness to allocate extra funds and time to such forms of research that sometimes are regarded as relatively more “risky” than conventional mono-disciplinary types. (shrink)

Este trabalho discute as possíveis relações entre a histeria e os chamados distúrbios alimentares que, na atualidade, ganharam um caráter epidêmico. Os discursos dos autores sobre a anorexia e a bulimia são apresentados e organizados em categorias temáticas que abordam as definições de anorexia e bu..

The aim of this essay is to reflect on the place and importance of the question of address and to show how it comes to the fore in Søren Kierkegaard’s writings. What shall be attempted, with regard to Kierkegaard’s already widely recognized renown as an existential thinker, is to catch a glimpse of issues that make up the larger background in which the question of address is embedded. In doing so, the essay explores several features of Kierkegaard’s inquiry into the (...) question of existence in the Concluding Unscientific Postscript and connect them with the notion of the reader. This latter notion provides a way of understanding the singularity of voice, while offering an account of the testimony to existence. After a brief recapitulation, the essay identifies in conclusion unresolved issues relating to speech, silence, confidentiality, and listening. (shrink)

What does it entail to study the climate crisis from – or consistently with – a critical realist perspective? The paper addresses this question in three steps. First, it considers the boundaries of critical realism in relation to climate crisis research. In this context it identifies climate science as a field that in important respects resonates implicitly with critical realism. Conversely, a book by human ecologist Andreas Malm is introduced as an example of a work that, while sympathetic to critical (...) realism, in key respects contradicts core features of it. Second, to illustrate what an analysis of the crisis informed by critical realism can look like, the paper brings into focus the main causes of the climate crisis – including the capitalist growth imperative, neoliberalism, and consumer culture. Finally, the status quo project, the green growth project and the degrowth project are identified as fundamentally different ways of approaching the climate crisis. (shrink)

Review of Thomas Harder & Lene Ewald Hesels''s _En sten for Eva_ (København: Gads Forlag, 2022). 380 pp. & Hanne Foighels _Sten på sten. Mine 400 år gamle danskjødiske rødder_ (København: Dansk Jødisk Museum, 2022). 496 pp.